I think what you are trying to describe is the difference between speed strength and limit strength; but really olympic weightlifters and powerlifters are closer together in their training than say bodybuilders. Powerlifters do many exercises for speed-strength involving bands, see
Strength Online . As for strength without size, have a look at
Exercise strength training kettlebell conditioning diet health ultimate fitness workout . Pavel has some interesting ideas, but at a certain point in training the only way to get stronger is to get bigger.