Thank you so much for all your insightful comments! I'm overwhelmed with homework at the moment, but I will attempt to pull an hour or two out of my day tomorrow so I can address all the issues that have come up. I find such discussions truly fascinating.
And, I apologize to november for using the "Today is Tuesday" and "raining" example. I will probably change that so you don't get confused. Of course, as Douglas Hofstadter and many other logicians point out, if we know that " 'A implies B' and 'A' are true, then B is true", then that is the logical equivalent of saying:
((A implies B) and A) implies B
Call this statement C. Then, of course, to show B is indeed true, we need to know that "A implies B", "A", and "C" are true. Thus, we need:
((A implies B) and A and C) implies B
Call this statement D. And the process continues. Which means we can never
actually claim B is true!
But we shall ignore such onthological reality questioning.
