There is an exercise called back extensions. Google it. Some people mistakenly call the exercise hyperextensions, but this is wrong because hyper (over) extensions are dangerous. It's important when doing the exercise that to do no go too far.
Your posture #2 is a hyperextension.
My recommendation to combatting a hunchback is to take up dancing as a hobby, especially one that encourages good balance/posture like salsa or ballroom. A lot of dancers have that good posture #3. I used to look like #1, and in the 4+ years that I've been dancing I have achieved a noticeable improvement in my posture. I'm not posture #3 yet, but I'm getting there.
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