First, I am myself in the left political spectrum.
In general you shouldn't watch TV if you really want to understand a political position.
Conservative News, Views & Books - HUMAN EVENTS would be a website that I would recommand to get the republican view point on some things.
In general a lot of repulicans have certain values that they want to defend. The way to do that is for republicans to forbid indivudals from things like gay marriage that conflict with their values.
The desire to control the enviroment is also seen in the areas like safety. The state shall have the ability to spy on citizens to exert control and individuals shall have the right to carry guns to control the safety of their home.
Another goal is to have international control by having military bases all over the globe which allow America to prevent bad things that happen in the world.
Then there is the conflict between realitivsm and absolutism (neither Republicans nor Democrats are at one extreme but in general Democrats are more relativistic than Republicans) and a Republican can therefore take the stance that something is either 100% a human being or it isn't a human being, where democrate has categories between those extremes for cases like abortion.
For one relativism conflicts with christanity where things are either right or wrong. Relativism has also other problems that make it in it's purest form unpopular.