What you want to do can easily be accomplished with a custom post type. A custom post type is the same as a normal post, however you can specify a name, what options are available (eg. editor, thumbnail, custom fields etc.) and provide custom templates to display them. Once defined, they appear as a new sectio within wp-admin. For things like what you want to do, I always prefer to use CPTs because they leverage the default built-in functionality of Wordpress without having to create my own. Typically, you need to be a bit of a "coder" to implement them as they're defined through the functions.php file within your theme.
There are a couple of plugins out there that allow you to define custom post types and related taxonomies via wp-admin. Check out this one (not free... $20) which allows you to define a CPT, create custom taxonomies and setup all the custom fields you require.
Easy Content Types Plugin for WordPress | Pippin's Plugins
Have a squiz at the second video on that page. I think that will do everything you need to do.